1.    Chitra. T. (April, 2008). Study of Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control among Normal, Neurotics and Psychotics. Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 45, 57-64. www.jiaap.org
The research investigates the role of locus of control and emotional intelligence in the normal, neurotic and psychotic people. The tools used were Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Anantharam (1998) and Locus of control Inventory developed by Venkatapathy (1986). The components of emotional intelligence under study were Emotional Self-regulation, sense of self sufficiency, Impulse control and social intelligence. Internality, Powerful Others and Chance

orientations dimensions of Locus of control were studied among 3 groups. The sample selected for the present study consisted of 20 people each from 3 groups under study. The Neurotic and Psychotic sample was drawn from inpatient and outpatient units of Institute of Mental Health, Chennai. Data were analyzed using 't' test and Factorial analysis of Variance. The results show that Neurotics and Psychotics were Externals. Normal group differs from Neurotics and Psychotics on Emotional Intelligence significantly. Gender differences were not found to exist among three groups on Emotional intelligence and Locus of control.

2.    Chitra,T., & Nirmala,M. (2009). A study of salesmen correlates: job satisfaction, role conflict, and role ambiguity, Type-A personality and sales performance. Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. www.jiaap.org
Salesmen are the backbone of any organization today for its productivity and success. The present study explores the salesperson's correlates. It finds out the relationship that exists between Role conflict, Role ambiguity, Job satisfaction, Performance and Type-A personality factor among 55 salesmen, under the age range of 19-37 from three organizations in Chennai. The tools used were Salesperson Job Satisfaction by Corner et al.(1989), Role conflict and Ambiguity scales for sales people by Howell and Bellenger (1986), Scale performance Scale by Behrman and Perreault (1982) and Type 'A' Personality Screening Inventory by Bluementhol (1980). Role Conflict and Ambiguity scales are multi-item, multi-dimensional measures. Sales performance scale measures 5 components related to performance. Pearson's Correlation was employed to find out the relationship between the Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity and other three variables. The contribution of these variables in generating variance upon sales performance has been worked out using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results are area as follows: Job satisfaction of salesman was not related to their performance and Role conflict. There was significant positive correlation between role conflict and performance of salesmen. Further, role ambiguity also predicted sales performance. Experience of salesmen predicted their job satisfaction. It was found that when the sales person is of Type-A personality, his Role ambiguity is less and vice-versa. Sales performance was not related to their Type-A personality. Training in market planning would increase motivation, increase role clarity, decrease role conflict and improve job satisfaction and sales performance (Kraals, Gary, 1987). Hence, this study would be of much significance to sales manager to select, train, motivate and appraise the sales people.

3.    Chitra.T., & Karunanidhi, S. (2013). Influence of occupational stress, resilience, and job satisfaction on psychological well-being of policewomen. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 4(4), 724-730. www.iahrw.com
Police work is generally considered stressful by many researchers. However, it is even more challenging for policewomen, due to their minority status and the discriminations they face in a male dominated profession, and also due to additional role responsibilities of balancing their family with work. Hence, to understand the psychosocial factors influencing the psychological well-being of police personnel, the present study attempted to investigate the influence of occupational stress, resilience, and job satisfaction on the psychological well-being of policewomen in Chennai City. The study also examined the interrelationship among select psychosocial variables. The study adopted correlational research design using survey method. The sample comprised of 237 policewomen constables working in Armed Reserve police unit whose age ranged from 23-41 years, and job experience ranged from 3 to 14 years. The tools used for the study were Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) by Karunanidhi and Chitra (2010), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) by Connor and Davidson (2003, overall job satisfaction scale by Brayfield and Rothe (1951), and Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI) by Dupuy (1984). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The correlation analysis among all psychosocial variables revealed that occupational stress was negatively and significantly related to resilience, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Further, resilience was positively and significantly related to job satisfaction and psychological well-being of policewomen. Moreover, the relationship between job satisfaction and psychological well-being of policewomen was found to be positive and significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that out of eight variables chosen, four variables namely resilience, women related stress, hazards of occupation, and job satisfaction accounted for 50% of variance in the psychological well-being policewomen. Moreover, findings indicate the importance of being resilient to achieve higher psychological well-being, which has immense implications for training.

4.   Chitra.T., & Karunanidhi, S. (2013). Influence of select psychosocial factors on the psychological well-being of policewomen. International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(8), 5-14. www.isca.in
Policewomen play a pivotal role in police department and recently there is increase in the number of policewomen joining the police force. As stress is unavoidable in the police job and women may be at increasing risk for the deleterious effects of it, it is felt that it is important to address to their well-being needs. The present study aimed at examining the influence of occupational stress, work-life balance, job attitude, and personality on the psychological well-being of women constables in Chennai City, India. The study was conducted among 826 policewomen using correlational research design using survey method. Due to incomplete information, 756 data were only included for the study. Women constables serving in various police units like Tamilnadu Special Battalion, Armed Reserve, Police Stations- All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and local police stations in Chennai City were included in this study. The age of the respondents ranged from 19 years to 45 years with a mean age of 28 years. Their work experience ranged from 10 months to 20 years with an average experience of six years. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Multiple Regression analysis. The results revealed that select psychosocial variables such as occupational stress, Personal Life Interference with Work (PLIW), Work/Personal Life Enhancement (WPLE), job attitude, neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness significantly accounted for 45 percent of variance in the psychological well-being of policewomen. This study has implications for recruitment and training for policewomen to enhance their psychological well-being.

5.    Karunanidhi,S., & Chitra,T. (2014). Development of the occupational stress inventory for women police. Indian Police Journal. www.bprd.nic.in
Occupational stress received great deal of attention from researchers and employers. The study of occupational stress among women police is hindered by the lack of compact and comprehensive standardized measurement tools. This study aimed to develop a standardized tool to measure sources of stress uniquely for women police. Initially, conceptualization of occupational stress was arrived at and items for the tool were pooled from various theoretical and empirical sources on occupational stress. Further, to focus on specific sources of occupational stress among women police, qualitative data was got through focus group interview among women police from various police units. Further, the items were refined by inputs from subject experts from the relevant field. After pilot testing the items for clarity and comprehensibility among 100 women constables, main study was conducted with the refined tool. The purpose of the main study was to test the psychometric property of the tool and it was conducted among 826 Grade I and Grade II women constables from Chennai City and Suburban police. Women police from various police units such as Tamilnadu Special Police (Battalions), Armed Reserve (AR), All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and Local police stations were included in the study. The survey questionnaire used in main study also included job satisfaction scale, work-life balance scale and psychological well-being scale along with Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI). The 769 utilizable data were analyzed by using Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using oblique rotation, Cronbach alpha and Pearson's correlation to address the objectives of the research. The OSI data was subjected to item analysis followed by factor analysis. The factor loading patterns for the occupational stress inventory items supported a six factor solution. They were operational hassles, external factors, hazards of occupation, physical working conditions, women relates stress, and supervisory stress. The OSI was tested for internal consistency using Cronbach alpha and it was found to be adequate. Content validity and convergent validity was also established for the newly developed tool. On the whole, the 71-item self-report questionnaire provides an integrated measure of major dimensions of occupational stress among women police and demonstrated sound psychometric properties, with good internal consistency and validity. It has implications for various research and practice.

6.    Karunanidhi, S., & Chitra,T. (2014). Influence of select psychosocial factors on the occupational stress and psychological well-being among Tamil Nadu women police. Indian Police Journal. www.bprd.nic.in
Recent Tamil Nadu police strength particulars denotes increasing trend in the recruitment of women police. In view of the fact that, women may play a crucial role in police force in the future it becomes important to attend to their health and well-being. Hence, the present study aimed at exploring the relationship among occupational stress, work-life balance, job attitude, personality factors, and psychological well-being of women constables in Tamil Nadu State, India. The survey was conducted in four metropolitan cities namely Chennai, Chennai suburban, Coimbatore City and Trichy City, nine districts namely Coimbatore, Erode, Trichy, Pudukottai, Tanjore, Tirupur, Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Vellore, and five Battalions namely, TSP-I, TSP-II, TSP-III, TSP-IV, and TSP-V. Women police constables serving in various major police units like Tamilnadu Special Battalion, Armed Reserve, Police Stations- All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and local police stations were included in the study. The study was conducted among 1700 policewomen, using correlational research design using survey method. Due to incomplete information, 1570 data were only included for the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 19 years to 46 years with a mean age of 28 years. Their work experience ranged from 10 months to 20 years with an average experience of six years. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Regression analysis. The results revealed that select psychosocial variables such as high Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL), more number of years in service, unfavorable job attitude, high neuroticism, high Personal life Interference with Work (PLIW), low agreeableness, low extraversion and joint family system significantly accounted for 46 percent of variance in the occupational stress of policewomen. It was also found that low neuroticism, favorable job attitude, low occupational stress, Low Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL), high Work/Personal Life Enhancement (WPLE), Low Personal Life Interference with Work (PLIW) and high extraversion significantly accounted for 43 percent of variance in the psychological well-being of policewomen. Further, the results revealed that job attitude moderated the relationship between occupational stress and psychological well-being. This study has implications for recruitment and training for policewomen to reduce their occupational stress and to enhance their psychological well-being.

7.    Neeta, K., Karunanidhi, S., & Chitra.T. (2015). Determinants of psychological well-being among retirees. International Research Journal of Social Sciences. www.isca.in
Retirement is considered as a major transition and a source of stress in a retiree's life. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of psychosocial factors, leisure time activities, family structure, and length of retirement on the psychological well-being of retirees. The study was ex-post facto in nature and the sampling method adopted was simple random sampling. The total sample comprised of 200 (97% male) retirees with good health status living in home environment whose age ranged from 60-73 years and annual income ranged from Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 1,50,000. The respondents' duration of retirement was from one and a half years to fifteen years. The psychosocial variables studied were attitude towards old age, retirement specific self-esteem, rigidity, goal directedness, social support, household decision making, and life regrets. Various demographic data including family structure, length of retirement, and leisure time activities details were also collected from personal data sheet. Data were collected personally by the researcher using standardized scales. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, partial correlation and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that retirement specific self-esteem, dispositional rigidity, goal-directedness, social support (reliable alliance and reassurance of worth), regretfulness, leisure time activities, and family structure were the significant predictors of psychological well-being of retirees. The selected variables put together explained 93% of variance in the psychological well-being of retirees. Discriminant analysis revealed that the retirees with low and high psychological well-being found to differ on attitude towards aging, retirement specific self-esteem, dispositional rigidity, goal directedness, perceived social support, household decision making, regretfulness, and leisure time activities. The study had implications for identifying and training retirees for better psychological well-being.

8.    Nandini, Karunanidhi, S., & Chitra, T. (2015). Job attitude in relation to perceived occupational stress, interrole-conflict and psychological well-being of women police. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being. www.iahrw.com
The present study explored the role of job attitude in relation to perceived occupational stress, interrole conflict, and psychological wellbeing of women police. The study also examined the influence of demographic factors such as job experience, family structure, number of transfers, and number of dependents on all psychosocial variables studied. The sample was chosen from a sampling frame of 181 women constables, who satisfied the criteria of marital status. Data were obtained from a sample of 72 married women constables and head constables of the Chennai City police department. Data were analyzed by using correlation analysis and t-test. The sample was divided into two groups as low and high job attitude based on the mean scores in job attitude scale. Correlation analysis among the variables revealed that job attitude was negatively related to both occupational stress and interrole conflict. Moreover, job attitude was positively related to psychological well-being. Occupational stress was negatively related to psychological well-being of women police. It was found that interrole conflict did not significantly influence the occupational stress and psychological wellbeing of women police. Moreover, those with more job experience perceived low occupational stress and better psychological well-being. Women police with more number of dependents perceived greater interrole conflict than those with lesser number of dependents. Further, the number of transfers and type of family did not influence job attitude, perceived occupational stress, interrole conflict, and psychological well-being of women police. The study had implications for further research in police force and in developing effective interventions to reduce occupational stress and to enhance psychological well-being of women police.

9.   Chitra.T., & Karunanidhi, S. Impact of Resilience Training among policewomen.
Police officers are charged with a unique task of serving and protecting the public. It is pertinent for police personnel to be physically and psychologically healthy to perform their duties effectively. However, their health and well-being is threatened by many factors. In view of this, the study attempted to develop and implement Resilience Training program in order to improve the psychological well-being of policewomen. The sample comprised of 237 policewomen constables working in Armed Reserve police unit whose age ranged from 23-41 years, and job experience ranged from 3 to 14 years. They were assessed on their level of Resilience initially. Policewomen who scored below the 75th percentile in resilience scale were chosen for this study, which adopted Pre-post-follow up research design. Resilience training with components such as self-awareness, positive attitude, emotional management, and interpersonal skills were developed uniquely for this study based on protective model of resilience. Out of 237, 63 policewomen who fulfilled the criteria were randomly assigned into two groups namely, experimental (n=33) and control group (n=30). The experimental group was given resilience training thrice a week for nearly two months, and control group was not given any training. Data were collected at three time periods i.e. before training, a week after training, and two months after training. A booster session was also conducted a month after the training program. Qualitative data were collected at post and follow-up period via open-ended questionnaire and focus group interviews. The statistical analysis using RMMANOVA was carried for 51 participants who participated throughout all three assessment periods in Phase II. The results revealed that resilience training was effective in enhancing resilience, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being of policewomen and in reducing their occupational stress. Medium effect sizes were reported. The qualitative feedback was positive regarding the resilience training program, supporting the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of resilience training program. The study had implications for theory and practice in the area of police research.

• Delayed development such as sitting, crawling, standing, walking, or talking (Mile stones)
• Difficulty learning new information/skills despite continuous effort and repetition (E.g. rhymes, colors, letters etc.)
• Repetitive motor movements such as hand or finger waving
• No eye contact with mother and not smiling back
• Persistent preoccupation with objects and disinterested in people
• A lack of curiosity or interest in the world around them
• Not able to follow directions
• No sign of initiating speech
• Unable to coordinate letters and sounds
• Loss of previously acquired skills like social skills, motor skills, language skills etc.

CASE STUDIES:

RESEARCH STUDIES:

1.  The research investigates the role of Locus of Control and Emotional Intelligence in the normal, neurotic and psychotic people. The tools used were Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Anantharam (1998) and Locus of control Inventory developed by Venkatapathy (1986). The components of emotional intelligence under study were Emotional Self regulation, sense of self sufficiency, Impulse control and social intelligence. Internality, Powerful Others and Chance orientations dimensions of Locus of control were studied among 3 groups. The sample selected for the present study consisted of 20 people each from 3 groups under study. The Neurotic and Psychotic sample was drawn from inpatient and outpatient units of Institute of Mental Health, Chennai. Data were analyzed using 't' test and Factorial analysis of Variance. The results show that Neurotics and Psychotics were Externals. Normal group differs from Neurotics and Psychotics on Emotional Intelligence significantly. Gender differences were not found to exist among three groups on Emotional intelligence and Locus of control.
2.  Salesmen are the backbone of any organization today for its productivity and success. The present study explores the salesperson's correlates. It finds out the relationship that exists between Role conflict, Role ambiguity, Job satisfaction, Performance and Type-A personality factor among 55 salesmen, under the age range of 19-37 from three organizations in Chennai. The tools used were Salesperson Job Satisfaction by Corner et al.(1989), Role conflict and Ambiguity scales for sales people by Howell and Bellenger (1986), Scale performance Scale by Behrman and Perreault (1982) and Type 'A' Personality Screening Inventory by Bluementhol (1980). Role Conflict and Ambiguity scales are multi-item, multi-dimensional measures. Sales performance scale measures 5 components related to performance. Pearson's Correlation was employed to find out the relationship between the Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity and other three variables. The contribution of these variables in generating variance upon sales performance has been worked out using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results are area as follows: Job satisfaction of salesman was not related to their performance and Role conflict. There was significant positive correlation between role conflict and performance of salesmen. Further, role ambiguity also predicted sales performance. Experience of salesmen predicted their job satisfaction. It was found that when the sales person is of Type-A personality, his Role ambiguity is less and vice-versa. Sales performance was not related to their Type-A personality. Training in market planning would increase motivation, increase role clarity, decrease role conflict and improve job satisfaction and sales performance (Kraals, Gary, 1987). Hence, this study would be of much significance to sales manager to select, train, motivate and appraise the sales people.
3.  Occupational stress received great deal of attention from researchers and employers. The study of occupational stress among women police is hindered by the lack of compact and comprehensive standardized measurement tools. This study aimed to develop a standardized tool to measure sources of stress uniquely for women police. Initially, conceptualization of occupational stress was arrived at and items for the tool were pooled from various theoretical and empirical sources on occupational stress. Further, to focus on specific sources of occupational stress among women police, qualitative data was got through focus group interview among women police from various police units. Further, the items were refined by inputs from subject experts from the relevant field. After pilot testing the items for clarity and comprehensibility among 100 women constables, main study was conducted with the refined tool. The purpose of the main study was to test the psychometric property of the tool and it was conducted among 826 Grade I and Grade II women constables from Chennai City and Suburban police. Women police from various police units such as Tamilnadu Special Police (Battalions), Armed Reserve (AR), All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and Local police stations were included in the study. The survey questionnaire used in main study also included job satisfaction scale, work-life balance scale and psychological well-being scale along with Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI). The 769 utilizable data were analyzed by using Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using oblique rotation, Cronbach alpha and Pearson's correlation to address the objectives of the research. The OSI data was subjected to item analysis followed by factor analysis. The factor loading patterns for the occupational stress inventory items supported a six factor solution. They were operational hassles, external factors, hazards of occupation, physical working conditions, women relates stress, and supervisory stress. The OSI was tested for internal consistency using Cronbach alpha and it was found to be adequate. Content validity and convergent validity was also established for the newly developed tool. On the whole, the 71-item self-report questionnaire provides an integrated measure of major dimensions of occupational stress among women police and demonstrated sound psychometric properties, with good internal consistency and validity. It has implications for various research and practice.
4.  Policewomen play a pivotal role in police department and recently there is increase in the number of policewomen joining the police force. As stress is unavoidable in the police job and women may be at increasing risk for the deleterious effects of it, it is felt that it is important to address to their well-being needs. The present study aimed at examining the influence of occupational stress, work-life balance, job attitude, and personality on the psychological well-being of women constables in Chennai City, India. The study was conducted among 826 policewomen using correlational research design using survey method. Due to incomplete information, 756 data were only included for the study. Women constables serving in various police units like Tamilnadu Special Battalion, Armed Reserve, Police Stations- All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and local police stations in Chennai City were included in this study. The age of the respondents ranged from 19 years to 45 years with a mean age of 28 years. Their work experience ranged from 10 months to 20 years with an average experience of six years. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Multiple Regression analysis. The results revealed that select psychosocial variables such as occupational stress, Personal Life Interference with Work (PLIW), Work/Personal Life Enhancement (WPLE), job attitude, neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness significantly accounted for 45 percent of variance in the psychological well-being of policewomen. This study has implications for recruitment and training for policewomen to enhance their psychological well-being.
5.   Recent Tamil Nadu police strength particulars denotes increasing trend in the recruitment of women police. In view of the fact that, women may play a crucial role in police force in the future it becomes important to attend to their health and well-being. Hence, the present study aimed at exploring the relationship among occupational stress, work-life balance, job attitude, personality factors, and psychological well-being of women constables in Tamil Nadu State, India. The survey was conducted in four metropolitan cities namely Chennai, Chennai suburban, Coimbatore City and Trichy City, nine districts namely Coimbatore, Erode, Trichy, Pudukottai, Tanjore, Tirupur, Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Vellore, and five Battalions namely, TSP-I, TSP-II, TSP-III, TSP-IV, and TSP-V. Women police constables serving in various major police units like Tamilnadu Special Battalion, Armed Reserve, Police Stations- All Women Police Stations (AWPS) and local police stations were included in the study. The study was conducted among 1700 policewomen, using correlational research design using survey method. Due to incomplete information, 1570 data were only included for the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 19 years to 46 years with a mean age of 28 years. Their work experience ranged from 10 months to 20 years with an average experience of six years. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Regression analysis. The results revealed that select psychosocial variables such as high Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL), more number of years in service, unfavorable job attitude, high neuroticism, high Personal life Interference with Work (PLIW), low agreeableness, low extraversion and joint family system significantly accounted for 46 percent of variance in the occupational stress of policewomen. It was also found that low neuroticism, favorable job attitude, low occupational stress, Low Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL), high Work/Personal Life Enhancement (WPLE), Low Personal Life Interference with Work (PLIW) and high extraversion significantly accounted for 43 percent of variance in the psychological well-being of policewomen. Further, the results revealed that job attitude moderated the relationship between occupational stress and psychological well-being. This study has implications for recruitment and training for policewomen to reduce their occupational stress and to enhance their psychological well-being.
6.   Police work is generally considered stressful by many researchers. However, it is even more challenging for policewomen, due to their minority status and the discriminations they face in a male dominated profession, and also due to additional role responsibilities of balancing their family with work. Hence, to understand the psychosocial factors influencing the psychological well-being of police personnel, the present study attempted to investigate the influence of occupational stress, resilience, and job satisfaction on the psychological well-being of policewomen in Chennai City. The study also examined the interrelationship among select psychosocial variables. The study adopted correlational research design using survey method. The sample comprised of 237 policewomen constables working in Armed Reserve police unit whose age ranged from 23-41 years, and job experience ranged from 3 to 14 years. The tools used for the study were Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) by Karunanidhi and Chitra (2010), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) by Connor and Davidson (2003, overall job satisfaction scale by Brayfield and Rothe (1951), and Psychological General Well-being Index (PGWBI) by Dupuy (1984). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The correlation analysis among all psychosocial variables revealed that occupational stress was negatively and significantly related to resilience, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Further, resilience was positively and significantly related to job satisfaction and psychological well-being of policewomen. Moreover, the relationship between job satisfaction and psychological well-being of policewomen was found to be positive and significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that out of eight variables chosen, four variables namely resilience, women related stress, hazards of occupation, and job satisfaction accounted for 50% of variance in the psychological well-being policewomen. Moreover, findings indicate the importance of being resilient to achieve higher psychological well-being, which has immense implications for training.
7.  Police officers are charged with a unique task of serving and protecting the public. It is pertinent for police personnel to be physically and psychologically healthy to perform their duties effectively. However, their health and well-being is threatened by many factors. In view of this, the study attempted to develop and implement Resilience Training program in order to improve the psychological well-being of policewomen. The sample comprised of 237 policewomen constables working in Armed Reserve police unit whose age ranged from 23-41 years, and job experience ranged from 3 to 14 years. They were assessed on their level of Resilience initially. Policewomen who scored below the 75th percentile in resilience scale were chosen for this study, which adopted Pre-post-follow up research design. Resilience training with components such as self-awareness, positive attitude, emotional management, and interpersonal skills were developed uniquely for this study based on protective model of resilience. Out of 237, 63 policewomen who fulfilled the criteria were randomly assigned into two groups namely, experimental (n=33) and control group (n=30). The experimental group was given resilience training thrice a week for nearly two months, and control group was not given any training. Data were collected at three time periods i.e. before training, a week after training, and two months after training. A booster session was also conducted a month after the training program. Qualitative data were collected at post and follow-up period via open-ended questionnaire and focus group interviews. The statistical analysis using RMMANOVA was carried for 51 participants who participated throughout all three assessment periods in Phase II. The results revealed that resilience training was effective in enhancing resilience, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being of policewomen and in reducing their occupational stress. Medium effect sizes were reported. The qualitative feedback was positive regarding the resilience training program, supporting the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of resilience training program. The study had implications for theory and practice in the area of police research.
8.   Retirement is considered as a major transition and a source of stress in a retiree's life. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of psychosocial factors, leisure time activities, family structure, and length of retirement on the psychological well-being of retirees. The study was ex-post facto in nature and the sampling method adopted was simple random sampling. The total sample comprised of 200 (97% male) retirees with good health status living in home environment whose age ranged from 60-73 years and annual income ranged from Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 1,50,000. The respondents' duration of retirement was from one and a half years to fifteen years. The psychosocial variables studied were attitude towards old age, retirement specific self-esteem, rigidity, goal directedness, social support, household decision making, and life regrets. Various demographic data including family structure, length of retirement, and leisure time activities details were also collected from personal data sheet. Data were collected personally by the researcher using standardized scales. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, partial correlation and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that retirement specific self-esteem, dispositional rigidity, goal-directedness, social support (reliable alliance and reassurance of worth), regretfulness, leisure time activities, and family structure were the significant predictors of psychological well-being of retirees. The selected variables put together explained 93% of variance in the psychological well-being of retirees. Discriminant analysis revealed that the retirees with low and high psychological well-being found to differ on attitude towards aging, retirement specific self-esteem, dispositional rigidity, goal directedness, perceived social support, household decision making, regretfulness, and leisure time activities. The study had implications for identifying and training retirees for better psychological well-being.
9.  The present study explored the role of job attitude in relation to perceived occupational stress, interrole conflict, and psychological wellbeing of women police. The study also examined the influence of demographic factors such as job experience, family structure, number of transfers, and number of dependents on all psychosocial variables studied. The sample was chosen from a sampling frame of 181 women constables, who satisfied the criteria of marital status. Data were obtained from a sample of 72 married women constables and head constables of the Chennai City police department. Data were analyzed by using correlation analysis and t-test. The sample was divided into two groups as low and high job attitude based on the mean scores in job attitude scale. Correlation analysis among the variables revealed that job attitude was negatively related to both occupational stress and interrole conflict. Moreover, job attitude was positively related to psychological well-being. Occupational stress was negatively related to psychological well-being of women police. It was found that interrole conflict did not significantly influence the occupational stress and psychological wellbeing of women police. Moreover, those with more job experience perceived low occupational stress and better psychological well-being. Women police with more number of dependents perceived greater interrole conflict than those with lesser number of dependents. Further, the number of transfers and type of family did not influence job attitude, perceived occupational stress, interrole conflict, and psychological well-being of women police. The study had implications for further research in police force and in developing effective interventions to reduce occupational stress and to enhance psychological well-being of women police.

CURRENT RESEARCH

1.  Considering the divorce rates and importance of MARRIAGE system, MANAS is currently researching on developing marital compatibility scale, which can be used for Pre-Marital Counseling, for long lasting bond and happiness.

2.  MANAS actively undertakes research and project works for Corporates, Educational Institutions, and Social bodies.

3.  In view of the unemployment/lack of performance of fresh graduates in corporate due to skill gap, MANAS is keen on developing and standardizing Employability tool for both Indian job aspirants and HR professionals: Job aspirants can assess themselves in this tool to understand their strengths and to focus on deficits in skill areas for further development, to become the right candidate for any organization. Similarly, organization can use this tool to screen potential candidates during recruitment also to identify the training needs of existing employees, to improve their performance.